indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
uncleanness; impurity; disgrace; shame; uncleanliness from contact with death, pregnancy, menstruation, etc.
diviner; sorcerer; exorcist; medium
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
lathe; potter's wheel; windlass; pulley
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
commander; general; leader
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
suffix for familiar person
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's