indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
match; game; bout; contest
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
adds force or indicates command
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous