indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
welcome!; nice to see you!
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
in order to be(come)...; since it amounts to...; since it is advantageous to...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to make an effort; to be zealous
please (give me); please (do for me)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
cooperation; collaboration
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
while; during; while; although; all; both
one of these days; someday; one day
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...