indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
lily yarn; handicraft, knitting, etc. thread made of artificial silk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
curtain raising; starting (e.g. play, concert)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in that way; thus; so; so?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)