government; administration
head; leader; top; (arch.) important part
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
fall; crash (e.g. aircraft)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
mistake; error; fault; slip; blunder; omission
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
advocate (of a theory or principle); ideologist; -ist (i.e. adherent to a belief system); (arch.) socialist; (arch.) communist
so; like that; that's right; indeed; let me see...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
postwar period; period after Second World War
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to repeat; to do something over again
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case