indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Aphrodite (Greek goddess)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
welcome!; nice to see you!
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
established practice; custom
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
remote past; far ago; time immemorial
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
tradition; legend; folklore
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
by means of; due to; because of; according to
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)