indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
siren (in Greek mythology)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
suffix for familiar person
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post