indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
siren (in Greek mythology)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
musical note; note symbol; phonetic symbol (incl. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.); part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to collect; to assemble; to gather
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound