indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
time; hour; period; class
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry