prime minister (in ancient China)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
written appeal; manifesto; declaration
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
viceroy; governor-general
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
rising to action; standing up against; jumping to one's feet
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to urge; to encourage; to press; to stimulate (e.g. growth); to hasten (e.g. development); to quicken
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
allied forces; the Allies (e.g. in WWII)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wherein; therein; thereinto
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
brother-in-law; stepbrother; sworn brother
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
revival; restoration; resuscitation
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
to hide; to keep to oneself
old friend; old acquaintance
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
descendant (usu. of a certain generation); (arch.) lineage; (arch.) pedigree; (arch.) grandchild
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
Luoyang (China); Kyoto (alternative name)