indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
strategist; tactician; schemer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to experience
prime minister (in ancient China)
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
staff officer; military staff; adviser; counselor; counsellor
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
advice (to a superior); counsel; proposal; suggestion; recommendation
by means of; due to; because of; according to
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
letter; missive; note; mail
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to pull apart; to separate; to have a lead over; to pull ahead of; to outdistance
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
humanity and justice (esp. in Confucianism); virtue; duty; formal greeting (between yakuza, street vendors, gamblers, etc.); (gang's) moral code
thick; deep; kind; cordial; abundant
lack of virtue; immorality; vice; depravity; unworthiness
to scold; to chide; to rebuke; to reprimand
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to end one's life; to commit suicide; to end a life; to kill
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
reflective water surface; reflecting water
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
honorific/polite/humble prefix
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
it's been a long time; long time no see
to be in confusion; to be busy
not writing or contacting for a while; neglecting (failing) to write (call, visit, etc.); long silence
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately