prime minister (in ancient China)
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; contribution
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
triumphant return; returning in triumph
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
China; Han dynasty (China, 202 BCE-220 CE); Han (majority Chinese ethnic group); man
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to have no way of knowing; to be completely ignorant of
this occasion; at this time; now
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
difficult to ...; hard to ...
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be temperate in; to refrain; to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number); to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question