Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
prime minister (in ancient China)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to burn down (to the ground); to clear away by burning; to reduce to ashes; to burn off
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision; dogmatism
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pursuit (of a fleeing enemy); chase
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
having no choice; at a loss for what to do; at one's wits' end
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
heigh-ho; heave-ho; alley oop
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
tidying up; clearing up; cleaning up; clearing away; putting in order
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Luoyang (China); Kyoto (alternative name)
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
how many years; how long; what year
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend