year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to lead; to take the lead (in doing something); to precede; to go before; to die before (esp. one's spouse, parents, etc.); to be a prerequisite
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
corridor; gallery; hallway; cloister (i.e. covered walk typically circling a building or garden, esp. in a palace or place of worship)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
permission; approval; authorization; license
republicanism; cooperation; working together
government; administration; ministry
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to install; to fit; to (manage to) obtain (someone's agreement, permission, etc.); to get; to patronize (a shop); to buy usually (from the same store)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
success; achievement; succeeding (in life); (worldly) success; prosperity
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
depending on; dependent on
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thankfully; fortunately; luckily; mercifully
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
other party; other side; ahead; in front; destination
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
careful thought; consideration; deliberation; reflection; rumination; pondering
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about