indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
democracy; popular sovereignty; Democratic Party (esp. DPJ)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
support; backing; endorsement; support; holding up; propping
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consensus; collective will; collective opinion
based on; on the basis of
declaration; proclamation; announcement
government; administration
establishment; founding; setting (a record)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
equality; impartiality; evenness
sovereignty of the people
longing; great desire; aspiration
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
disadvantage; handicap; unfavorable position
misfortune; ill fate; bad luck; obscurity
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
sprout; shoot; bud; germinal disk (in an egg)
to raise; to bring up; to rear; to cultivate; to foster; to nurture
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour