indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
naginata; polearm with a curved single-edged blade (similar to a glaive); naginata; martial art of wielding the naginata
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
long sword (as opposed to the shorter katana); tachi; sabre-like sword worn on the hip with the blade facing down
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
jōjutsu; form of martial art using a cane staff
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
prompt efficiency; immediate effectivity
adhesive (pressure-sensitive and removable)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
to take a picture; to take a photo
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (something); to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
governor-general; governor; viceroy
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of