indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
how long; how far; how much
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
jack; knave; (electrical) jack; hijack; hijacking
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
please (give me); please (do for me)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
how long; how much; to what extent
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
enshrinement; installation (of an image)
in that way; thus; so; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
universal serial bus; USB
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly