rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; yoisho! (word shouted by the spectators during a yokozuna's ritual stomps); yoisho (filler word in folk music, etc.); flattery; buttering up (someone)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
curling inwards (esp. of the tips of one's hair)
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first-year student; first-year pupil; beginner; novice; annual; annual plant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
suffix for familiar person
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
as a child; when one was a child
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
(someone else's) parents; both parents
honorific/polite/humble prefix
circumstances; condition; arranging; managing; lending money; raising money
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
home country; one's own country; suzerain country (from the perspective of the vassal state); colonizing country; country of one's ancestors; this country