to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
oh; oh my; oh dear; well, ...; er ...; why, ...
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to fall; to drop; to fail (an exam); to lose (a contest, election, etc.); to be unsuccessful
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
separate; respective; different
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
suffix for familiar person
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
lively; energetic; vigorously (jumping, flopping, etc.); piercing (e.g. sound); penetrating
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
exactly right!; indeed; damn straight
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to be found; to be discovered
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
anyway; by the way; incidentally; well; to change the subject
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to feed (e.g. an animal on oats); to let eat; to support (e.g. a family); to provide for; to inflict (damage); to deal (e.g. a blow)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
the best one can do; one's best effort; with all one's might; to the best of one's ability; as hard as possible
to steel oneself to; to brace oneself
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
is that so?; I see; right; oh