where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
adds force or indicates command
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
Shizuoka (city, prefecture)
prefectural border; prefectural boundary
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tunnel; to tunnel (through a potential barrier); letting a grounder go through one's legs
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
primary school; elementary school; grade school
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
very; extremely; extreme; excessive; splendid; impressive
title (e.g. Doctor, Professor, Lord); job title; position (in a company); degree; status; rank
student (esp. a university student)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
how; in what way; how about
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)