safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
(one's) life is not in danger; not life-threatening
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
condition; state (of health); appearance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
bleeding; haemorrhage; hemorrhage; bleeding money; red ink; selling below cost
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
a minute; moment; an instant; stubborn; hot-headed
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
measure; step; dealing with; medical treatment
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
clone; kroon (former currency of Estonia)