craftsman; artisan; craft; craftsmanship; plot; scheme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
suffix for familiar person
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
practice game; practice match
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
fighting (against); taking on (an opponent); facing; confronting; competing (with); battle
batter's box; one's turn at bat
bat (in baseball, cricket, etc.)
sphere; globe; ball; sphere; counter for pitches
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)