indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
to throw; to hurl; to give up; to abandon; to cast (a glance, shadow, doubt, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
Koshien Stadium, a baseball stadium in Koshien which is the venue of the annual high school baseball tournaments; High school baseball in Japan, the tournaments generally referred to as Kōshien, named after the stadium; Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, a neighborhood of Nishinomiya, Hyōgo, Japan
in that way; thus; so; so?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
pitcher; pitcher (container); jug