indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
myself; yourself; I; me; you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
transfer; redirection; transmission; forwarding (telephone call, e-mail, etc.)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
material; substance; matter
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow