indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
private; non-governmental; non-official; folk; popular
observation; survey; measurement; opinion; prediction; thinking
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
South Pole; the Antarctic; Antarctica
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
near oneself; close to one; familiar
when it becomes; when it comes to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Shōwa Station (Antarctica); Showa Station; Syowa Station
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in that way; thus; so; so?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
of course; certainly; naturally
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
same; similar; (just) like; equal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
image; figure; figure; form; image
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need