behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
to chip; to be chipped; to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to be lacking (in); to be short (of)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave