here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
family a woman has married into
Ōmi (former province located in present-day Shiga Prefecture)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
daughter of a person of high rank (esp. eldest daughter)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
princess; daughter of a nobleman
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
interruption (e.g. of a conversation)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
looking like (someone); taking after (either of one's parents)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
surely; clearly; without a doubt; in all probability; no matter how one slices it; no matter how one looks at it
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
in that way; thus; so; so?
don't you think?; indicates question
gallant; brave; imposing; awe-inspiring; severe; biting
all; altogether; entirely; exactly like; just like; spitting image of
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
current master; father of one's current master; minister (of government); noble; (arch.) nobleman's residence
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
story; tale; talk; discussion