Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
senior high school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
interval; space; valley; gorge; loophole (in a wall); crenel
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
huge win; overwhelming victory
after that; afterwards; thereafter
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
plan; scheme; intention; project; design
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
rice plant (Oryza sativa)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
honorific/polite/humble prefix
long (time that has passed); old (story)