indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cruise; navigation; sailing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
not exceeding; and downward; below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level); the below-mentioned; the following
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
all-out attack; general offensive
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
retreat; falling back; recession; waning; backspace (key)
to be forced to do or experience something (against one's will); to be forced to do something because one has no other choice
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sending a ship to the bottom; sinking (a ship); to sink a ship
being bombed; being A-bombed; being nuked; being exposed to radiation (from an atomic blast)
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
captain (Army, U.S. Marine Corps, USAF); lieutenant (Navy); flight lieutenant (RAF, RAAF, RNZAF, etc.)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to