indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
cutlet (usu. crumbed and fried)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
transport aircraft; transport plane
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to strike against; to collide with; to encounter; to meet; to clash
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
major; lieutenant commander; wing commander
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
habit (often a bad habit, i.e. vice); tendency; peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; crease; wrinkle
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
many times over; often; repeatedly; time after time
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit