already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
(any) particular; special; material; perceptible; noticeable
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to fill with (emotion, enthusiasm, power, etc.); to imbue with; to fill a space (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. of a voice)
to act violently; to rage; to struggle; to be riotous
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; thing inside one's body believed to influence one's thoughts and feelings; (one's) unconscious; nervousness
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
state; condition; the way things should be; ideal state; truth
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a little; a bit; somewhat; slightly; rather
hard problem; person hard to please; hard nut to crack
thing that should be (carefully) avoided; no-no; thing to definitely not do; something forbidden; taboo
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
captain; commander; commanding officer; leader
pivot hinge (using extensions on the top and bottom of a door that fit into cavities in the frame); sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to