honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to move (house); to change residence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
adds force or indicates command
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
suffix for familiar person
fifth year of elementary school; fifth year elementary school student
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
shaft of an arrow (usu. made of thin bamboo); cornetfish