space development; space exploration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
prosperous; flourishing; popular; widespread; active; lively
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
discomfort; inconvenience; poverty; want; inability; disability
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
excursion; field trip; school trip
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that day; the very same day
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
to recognise; to recognize; to know by sight; to become acquainted with
to grow hot (e.g. water); to boil; to get excited (at); to erupt (in applause, cheering, etc.); to ferment; to melt (of metal)
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to drift (to); to be washed ashore
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
Survival (Bob Marley & The Wailers album)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
how; in what way; by what means
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold up over one's head; to hold aloft; to hold over something; to hold (one's hands) out (e.g. towards a fire); to hold up to shade one's eyes, face, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint