indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
reason; logic; sense; natural way of things
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
Mount Penglai; Penglai Island; sacred mountain (e.g. Mount Fuji, Mount Kumano, etc.); Kansai New Year decoration (made from food); Formosa; Taiwan
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
not necessarily so; is not always true; there is no guarantee that ...; there is no telling
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to try (out); to have a try (at); to test; to put to the test
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
that; the matter in question
number one; first; best; most; game; round
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to punish; to penalize; to penalise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you