indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
reason; logic; sense; natural way of things
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
storytelling (of war chronicles, revenge tales, etc.) with highly dramatic delivery; story
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
really; truly; indeed; good grief
different person; another person; someone else; changed man
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
people; citizens; subjects; folk
that's the way it is; such is life
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
in that way; thus; so; so?
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
coward; namby-pamby; wimp; weak-kneed person; spineless person
owl (esp. the Ural owl, Strix uralensis)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
support; participation; assistance; complicity; conspiracy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally