this world; this life; world of the living
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
door; gate; opening; title page
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become locked (e.g. of automatic locking)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
water's edge; beach; shore
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
appearing together; co-acting; co-starring
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
name; given name; first name
garden pond; miniature lake; fountain
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)