studying abroad; studying at a different school, etc. (usu. for a specific purpose)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to reconsider; to rethink; to reassess
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
future (usually near); prospects
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
myself; yourself; I; me; you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
round; tranquil; contentedly at ease
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
home area; home town; local
senior high school; high school
entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university