indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
certainly; surely; definitely
to obtain; to get; to procure; to win; to secure
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to succeed in doing; to see through; to manage to do; to finish doing
as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); wherever (e.g. one's feet take one); according to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
director; executive; officer; official; person in charge
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to take over (someone's duties, business, etc.); to inherit; to succeed to; to hand over
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed