long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to fall down; to fall over; to turn out; to play out; to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
stroller; buggy; pushchair
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
on this occasion; now; in these circumstances; with this opportunity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already