indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
crisp (not moist or juicy); crunchy; crunching sound (of walking on snow, frost, sand, etc.); doing skillfully and efficiently; doing quickly; (arch.) sound of pouring liquid
soft and flaky (pie, potatoes, squash, etc.); fluffy; crumbly; being pleased with oneself; beaming happily; chuckling to oneself
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
suffix for familiar person
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
overall victory; championship
sweet (e.g. young girls, flowers blooming); touchingly lovely; cute; pitiful; pitiable