hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
particular; special; (not) particularly; (not) especially
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also