today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
having enough of (food, drink, etc.); having one's fill; fully enjoying
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
loveable; very likeable; like very much
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
echo (esp. one reverberating in the mountains); mountain god; mountain guardian deity
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic