indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
bottom; lower garment (e.g. jeans, slacks, skirt, etc.); hem (of trousers, skirt, etc.)
Nansei Islands; Ryukyu Islands; chain of islands extending from southwestern Kyushu to northern Taiwan
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
cavern; grotto; rock cave
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
you (plural); all of you; you all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
somehow (or other); for some reason; without knowing why; something (or other); some ... or other
connection; link; relationship
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
departure; departing from ...; sent from ...; (a letter, etc.) dated ...; counter for engines (on an aircraft); counter for gunshots, bursts of gas, etc.
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to help (someone) out of trouble; to rescue; to save
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit