indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
aloneness; loneliness; solitude
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
superman; superwoman; Ubermensch (e.g. Nietzsche's ideal man of the future); overman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
destruction; annihilation; devastation; catastrophe
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
suffix for familiar person
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to hang; to suspend; to hang oneself; to hoist an opponent off of his feet by his loincloth; to turn upwards (as if being pulled); to be slanted (of eyes)
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
rhombus; rhomb; lozenge; diamond shape
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
headquarters; head office; main office
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance