to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Yakushima cedar (esp. one over 1000 years old)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
blue; azure; green; pale (facial color); gray; unripe
to wind (of a road, river, etc.); to meander; to twist; to undulate; to surge; to swell
silence; stillness; quietness
silver (Ag); silver (color); silver (medal, prize, etc.); silver coin; silver general; bank; (arch.) money
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to float; to set afloat; to show on one's face (smile, sadness, etc.); to recall; to call to mind
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
name; given name; first name
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
people; citizens; subjects; folk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
swaying (only once, in a large, slow motion); relaxedly
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(mind and) spirit; life energy; vitality; essence
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
hand net; dip net; scoop net
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); wherever (e.g. one's feet take one); according to
to move (to another place or state); to change (e.g. of state, affiliation, scenery, etc.); to spread (of a fire, smell, etc.); to catch (an illness); to move (e.g. of one's focus); to change (e.g. of one's interest)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)