hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good-for-nothing; worthless
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
bed hair; hair disarranged during sleep; habit of moving around in one's sleep; sleeping habit