Japan Self-Defense Forces; JSDF; self-defence force; self-defense force
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to cease; to stop; to be over
adds force or indicates command
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
the entire strength; all hands; all the members
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
flying column; detached force
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
attack on both sides; pincer movement; double envelopment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
annihilation; total destruction; complete destruction; crushing defeat
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
clear; precise; definite; distinct
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
violation; offense; offence; breach; transgression; infringement
how; in what way; how about
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
to do what one is told to; to take someone's advice; to listen to what someone says
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
row; line; company (of someone); group; sequence; counter for rows