indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tension; mental strain; nervousness
in that way; thus; so; so?
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
please; somehow or other; one way or another
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
sworn younger brother; junior male peer (in a club, group, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
opening (one's mouth) wide; saying "aah"; crying loudly; wailing; bawling
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to smash violently; to crush
adds force or indicates command
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
feeling; sense; impression
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend