indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
arm; skill; efforts; ability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be torn off; to come off
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
explosion; rupture; break off
adds force or indicates command
honorific/polite/humble prefix
sickroom; hospital room; ward
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be silent; to say nothing
to knock (someone) to their feet; to knock down; to send flying; to strike; to drive away (one's sorrows, worries, etc.); to dispel
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to take something into ...; to bring in; to lodge (a complaint); to file (a plan); to bring to (a state: tied game, vote, trial, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
sleep-talking; nonsense; gibberish
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
so-so; passable; now, now; my, my