paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
life; living; I; me; student
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to become familiar with; to fit in; to adapt oneself; to get used to; to grow accustomed to
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
athletic meet (esp. at school); sports day
first class; first rank; one degree; one level; most; best
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all